Phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific) Adenovirus

Phospholipase C γ1 (PLC γ1), a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2)-specific phosphodiesterase plays a critical role in the initiation of receptor-mediated signal transduction through the generation of the two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol, from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. A total of nine mammalian PLC isozymes have been described (PLC β1, PLC β2, PLC β3, PLC β4, PLC γ1, PLC γ2, PLC δ1, PLC Δ2 and PLC ε) with molecular weights ranging from 85 to 255 kDa. The γ-type enzymes are unique in that they contain SH2 and SH3 domains. Moreover, the two γ-type enzymes, but not the β and δ isozymes, are subject to activation by a number of protein tyrosine kinases, which associate with SH2 domains and induce their activation by phosphorylation. In contrast, activation of PLC β1, PLC β2 and PLC γ3 is mediated by the α subunits of the Gq class of heterotrimeric G proteins and by certain G protein βγ subunits. PLC-L (for PLC-deleted in lung carcinoma) plays a role in inositol phospholipid-based intracellular signaling and contributes to the progression of human lung carcinoma. Of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C enzymes, C-beta is regulated by heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, while the closely related C-gamma-1 (PLCG1) and C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) enzymes are controlled by receptor tyrosine kinases. The C-gamma-1 and C-gamma-2 enzymes are composed of phospholipase domains that flank regions of homology to noncatalytic domains of the SRC oncogene product, SH2 and SH3.